In the first part of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction, pigment molecules absorb energy from sunlight. To make 9 ATP, three more pairs of electrons are required for a total 18 electrons that must be excited by 36 photons. NADPH stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen. accessory pigments in chloroplasts that broaden the spectrum of colors used in photosynthesis (absorb green/blue but reflect red/yellow/orange), (C) ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between upper and lower epidermis that specializes in photosynthesis, when absorbed photon energy causes electron to move away from nucleus, located in the thylakoid membrane and trap light energy and use it to excite electrons, accessory (aka antenna) pigments, reaction center chlorophyll a, primary electron acceptor, (4) centrally located proteins associated with a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor, (3) proteins associated with pigment molecules that capture light energy and transfers it to center of a photosystem, 1st of two light harvesting units in thylakoid membrane that passes excited electrons to reaction-center chlorophyll, (2) electrons from the reaction-center in thylakoid membranes are transferred to this molecule, splitting this molecule replaces electrons which are excited and passed to primary electron acceptor in PSII, released as a byproduct of splitting water, 2nd of two light-capturing units in thylakoid membranes that replaces its electrons by those from the 1st complex and results in production of NADPH, created by pumping hydrogen ions from stroma to thylakoid space during electron transport chain between PS II and PS I, enzyme that synthesies ATP by utilizing a proton-motive force, other names for light independent reactions, step in Calvin cycle that produces simple sugar G3P, molecule reduced in Calvin cycle to produce sugar, (C) flattened membranous sacs inside chloroplasts that contain systems which convert light energy to chemical energy, energy is _____________ in cellular respiration, site of proton gradient built up in cellular respiration, site of proton gradient built up in photosynthesis, high energy electron carrier(s ) before reduction in photosynthesis (after they drop off electrons for Calvin cycle), high energy electron carrier(s ) after reduction in photosynthesis (after they pick up electrons from ETC), energy product(s) from ETC in photosynthesis, reactant(s) oxidized in photosynthesis (source of electrons), light dependent reactions using only photosystem I to pump protons and generate excess ATP (not NADPH), light dependent reactions involving both photosystems; electrons from H2O are used to reduce NADP to NADPH, enzyme with affinity for both CO2 and O2 that catalyzes first step of Calvin cycle by adding CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), pore-like openings on underside of leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out, occurs on hot, dry days when stomata close, O2 accumulates and Rubisco fixes O2 rather than CO2, using up ATP, O2 and sugars, do not separately fix CO2 and use Rubisco in Calvin Cycle, spatially separate carbon fixation (mesophyll cells) from Calvin Cycle (bundle-sheath cells); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO2, temporally separate carbon fixation (day) and Calvin Cycle (night); use PEP carboxylase instead of Rubisco to fix CO2. Antennae accompany reaction centers, promoting _____. ... Oxidized in the process of photosynthesis. How does the metabolism occurring in chloroplasts differ from that of mitochondria? Besides CO2, photosynthesis also helps in fixing N2. During photosynthesis in plants and algae, ____ is oxidized and ____ is reduced. When the dye is oxidized, it is blue. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the: Protons in a mitochondrion flow through an ATP synthase from the: connects a 1-carbon molecule to a 5-carbon molecule. All these NAD+, NADH and NADPH are important co-factors in biological reactions. The cycle is completed when the light reactions convert these molecules back into ATP and NADPH. Ace up your preparation with the Objective Questions available on Photosynthesis and enhance your subject knowledge. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) is also a coenzyme that involves anabolic reactions. Thus, begins phase 2: reduction. incorporating CO₂ from the atmosphere into organic molecules from the chloroplast. They take place in different compartments of the same organelle. Photosynthesis occurs during the day. With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, which of the following within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the cytoplasm of ancestral cyanobacteria that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell? Which of the following is/are examples of irreversible enzyme inhibition? This is a redox reaction. Furthermore, NAD + does not contain an additional phosphate group on ribose rings while NADP + contains a phosphate group on the 2′ carbon of the … The previous section explained how noncyclic electron flow results in the reduction of NADP + to NADPH. thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast, surrounding thylakoids membranes. At the end of the light reactions, the energy from sunlight is transferred to NADP+, producing NADPH. 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